Relaxed practice and fits in society    = Progressive

Individual praying and occasional conversation in service = Progressive

Traditional beliefs but addressing contemporary needs = Conservative

Men and women sit separately in the synagogue = Conservative and Orthodox

Men and women sit together and participate fully in service, prayers and rituals = Conservative

Women do not practice in all rituals = Orthodox

English used for part of service = Progressive

Strict dress and dietary law = Orthodox

They always worship in Hebrew = Orthodox

Women can lead services and can become a rabbi = Progressive

Conservative

Progressive

Orthodox

Jewish Variants

What is a variant?

Two or more people or things that have slight differences in opinions. The three major variants or streams in Judaism are Conservative. Orthodox and Reform (Liberal or Progressive)

Orthodox	Conservative	Progressive
Very Strict, but most traditional	Modern	Allowed to marry other religions
Men and women separated in synagogue for prayer and rituals	Believe Jewish laws can be changed	Don’t believe the torah was written by god and given on tablets of stone
Don’t accept the changes of reformed Jews	Women and men separated in synagogue	Relatively new (19th Century)

Kosher Menu

Breakfast:

- Cottage Cheese Pancakes

• 2 Tbsp. butter
• 1 cup all-purpose flour
• 1 tsp. baking powder1/4 tsp. baking soda
• 1-2 Tbsp. sugar
• 4 eggs
• 400 grams cottage cheese

Preparation:

1. Melt butter in frying pan.
2. In a mixing bowl, mix together dry ingredients - flour, baking powder, baking soda and sugar.
3. In a separate bowl, mix eggs and add cottage cheese until smooth.
4. Combine egg and flour mixtures. Mix in melted butter.
5. Drop batter by spoonfuls into hot frying pan.
6. Flip when top of pancake bubbles.

Lunch:

-  Mushroom Quiche

Ingredients:

• 
• 3.5 ounces (100 grams) butter, room temperature
• 6 ounces (170 grams) sour cream
• 2 cups self-rising flour
• FILLING
• 3 eggs, lightly beaten
• 6 ounces (170 grams) sour cream
• 7 ounces (200 grams) grated yellow cheese
• 16 ounces (450 grams) canned mushrooms
• salt and pepper to taste

Preparation:

1. Preheat oven to 350° Fahrenheit (175° Celsius).
2. Spray a 9 inch round baking dish with non-stick spray.
3. Mix ingredients for the crust. Refrigerate for 30 minutes.
4. Mix ingredients for the filling.
5. Press dough on the bottom and up the sides of the round pan using your hands. Pour filling on top of the dough.
6. Bake for 35-45 minutes, or until golden brown on top. Let pie cool slightly before cutting

 

Dinner:

 

- Potato Cheese Bake

 

Ingredients:

• 8 large potatoes, peeled
• 2 cups grated hard cheese (Cheddar or similar)
• 3 eggs
• 1- 1 1/2 teaspoons salt
• 1/4 teaspoon pepper

Preparation:

1. Fill a large pot with water. Add potatoes. Cover. Bring to a boil. Reduce heat. Cook potatoes until soft, but not mushy (approximately 50 minutes). Drain.
2. Preheat oven to 350° F (180° C).
3. Place potatoes in a mixing bowl. Mash slightly so the potatoes are chunky and the pie will be airy. If you mash the potatoes too much, then the pie will be too dense.
4. Mix in cheese.
5. Add eggs and spices.
6. Pour into a greased baking pan.
7. Bake, uncovered, for 40 minutes, or until golden brown on top

Kosher

Kosher = food that is allowed

Treyfah = food that is NOT allowed

- All plants are kosher, but not all animals

Jews may only eat animals and birds that have been killed by Shechifah

Shechitah is killing the animals by slitting the throat with a very sharpe knife. This has been shown to be painless to the animals as cuasing pain to living hings is against Jewish law. The theory is that the sharpe knife cuts the carodid so that the animals loses consiousness before they are able to feel pain.

Kosher animals are:

- Chicken
- Sheep
- Cow
- Fish with fins
- Goat

Non- Kosher animals are:

- Pig
- Rabbit
- Camel
- Eel
- Most birds

Jews who keep kosher kitshens do not eat meat and dairy foods together. Seperate ssets or crokery, cutlery adn cooking utensils are used. After eating meat strict Jews will wait several hours before eating dairy products.

Rosh Hashanah Festival

The festival, Rosh Hashanah is the Jewish New Year; it is the first of the high holidays which is the Day of Awe celebrated ten days before Yom Kippur. It falls once a year during the month of Tishrei (September), it means Head of the Year.  

They observe the sounding the shofar which is the rams horn trumpet, the shofar is not blown if the holiday falls on Shabbat. 

 It lasts 2 days sometimes one. Customs include dipping apples in honey and casting off ‘sins’ into a river. The greeting is “L’shanah tovah!” which means ‘for a good year’

Being Jewish in the 21st Century

Torah

Torah means teaching and refers to the five books of Moses:
- Gensis
- Exodus
- Leviticus
- Numbers
- Deuteronomy

A torah scroll is made from parchment which is made from the skin of kosher animal. It is written by hand in Hebrew by a professional scribe called a sofer. Hebrew is read right to left

Torah

The sofer takes at least one year to write out the Torah. He is not allowed to write from memory. He must copy from a book of the Torah, and must keep checking for mistake. Letters must not be smudged or touch another letter.
If the sofer makes a mistake, he scrapes off the letters using a glass tool, the sheet with the error is buried in a Jewish cemetry, when all of hte sheets of parchment are finished they are sewn together.

Torah I created

THE Torah is regarded as holy and is decorated as beautifully as possible.